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Alexander Winchell was born on December 31, 1824, in North East, Dutchess County, New York.

He was a geologist, educator, and author. He graduated from the Wesleyan University, Connecticut, in 1847. He taught at various schools in New Jersey, New York, and Alabama. He served as president of the Masonic University at Selma, Alabama, in 1853. In 1854, Winchell was appointed Professor of Physics and Civil Engineering at the University of Michigan, eventually becoming Professor of Geology and Paleontology. In 1859, he was appointed as State Geologist of Michigan. In 1863, he got a lease on a cotton plantation near Vicksburg, Mississippi, and organized the Ann Arbor Cotton Company. In 1864, he returned to Michigan and in 1865, he was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society. In 1872, he was appointed chancellor of Syracuse University, New York, but resigned in 1874. In 1875, he served as a Professor of Geology and Zoology at Vanderbilt University, Tennessee. There, his controversial views on evolution diverged from Biblical teaching (“inferiority of Negro”) and expressed in his book “Adamites and Preadamites: Or, A Popular Discussion” (1878), were not acceptable to the University administration. Winchell was obligated to resign in 1878. He then returned to the University of Michigan, where he was a Professor of Geology and Paleontology. In 1888, he founded the American Geological Society and The American Geologist.

In 1849, he married Julia Frances Lines (1825–1920). He died on February 19, 1891, in Ann Arbor, Washtenaw County, Michigan.

Thomas Wiltshire was born on April 21, 1826, in London, England.

He was a British clergyman, geologist, and paleontologist. He graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge (B.A., 1850; M.A., 1853), was ordained a deacon in 1850 and priest in 1853. During his studies, he developed a life-long interest in geology. In 1856, Wiltshire was elected a Fellow of the Geological Society of London. He served as President of the Geological Association three times (1859, 1862, 1871-1873). In 1863, he was elected Secretary of the Paleontographical Society, an office he held until 1899. From 1874 to 1878, he was one of the Honorary Secretaries of the Geological Society. He acted as Lecturer in Geology (1872-1881) and Assistant Professor (1881-1889) at King's College. In 1890, he was appointed Professor of Geology and Mineralogy at King’s College, a position he held until 1896. In 1888, he became Master of the Clothworkers Company in London. The University of Cambridge conferred upon him an honorary degree of D.Sc. in 1899. He spent several of his summer vacations visiting Yellowstone Park, USA, and the Rocky Mountains in Canada. He donated his collection of minerals to the Mineralogical Museum in Cambridge. Besides being much occupied in scientific pursuits and geological investigations, Rev. Dr. Wiltshire was devoted to clerical work, lecturing, and writing.

In 1850, he married Sarah Harriet Hudson (1826–1905). He died on October 26, 1902, in London, England.

William Dexter Wilson was born on February 28, 1816, in Stoddard, New Hampshire.

He was a clergyman, educator, and philosopher. He graduated from Harvard Divinity School (D.D., 1838) and was ordained as a Unitarian minister. He served in various churches for four years but became increasingly convinced of Trinitarian Christological principles, and as a result, he entered the Protestant Episcopal Church in 1842. While serving as a priest in Sherburne, New York (1842-1850), he investigated many philosophical and theological categories pertinent to different cultural and chronological settings. He was able to consult sources in French, German, Italian, Latin, Greek, Arabic, and Syrian. In 1850, Wilson was appointed Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy at Geneva College, Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania (renamed Hobart College in 1852). In 1868, he became Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy and Registrar at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. In 1886, he retired as Emeritus Professor and became Dean of St. Andrew’s Divinity School in Syracuse, New York. He was known as a public lecturer and author of books on methods of mathematics instruction, on a study of practical and theoretical logic, theories of knowledge, the influence of language on thought, and the psychology of thought and action.

In 1846, he married Susan Whipple Trowbridge (1821–1890). He died on July 30, 1900, in Syracuse, New York.